Comparative Analysis Of African Americ Annotated Bibliography

Comparative Analysis of African American: An Annotated Bibliography Angelou, Maya. â€Å"Africa†. The Norton Introduction to Literature 11th ed. New York: 2013 print Norton Mays, Kelly Wheatley, Phillis. â€Å"On Being Brought from Africa to America† The Norton Introduction to Literature. 11th ed. Ed. Spencer Richardson-Jones. New York: Norton, 2013 The main point of this poem is Maya Angelou talking about her homeland, Africa. The narrator starts to describe the land of Africa by using Angelou’s body as a representation. Then proceeded to describe how white people came and invaded her land, thus invading her body. The white people came and killed her people, took and sold her people, and enforced their religious beliefs. However, instead of carrying a tone of sad regret over those events, the narrator describes her strength, that despite those events in Angelou’s life she continues to move on and be strong. This poem is a very eye opening and a useful poem. This poem is helpful because it helps shape my argument. By using her body as a representation of who she is, it provides me an understanding of her land. Knowing yourself and imagining how it would feel if someone came and invaded you, this provides the reader a sense of sadness and understanding. But in the end, it encourages you to continue despite your hardships. The second poem is about Phillis Wheatley being brought from Africa and into America and how she learned the religion of the land. However, in the midst of it

Steve Jobs Influencial Career - 976 Words

Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish Steven Paul Jobs, known and recognized as an American entrepreneur and inventor. His influential career was branded in the computer and consumer electronics fields. And possibly subsequently known for transforming one industry after another, from computers and smartphones to music and movies? (Unknown ) Jobs was born on February 24, 1955 in San Francisco, California. Jobss birth parents met at the University of Wisconsin, his biological father, Abdulfattah John Jandali, a native to America. According to the book by Walter Isaacson, Schieble, Steves mother, wanted Jobs to be adopted only by a college graduate couple. When Schieble learned that Clara Jobs hadnt graduated from college and Paul Jobs had only attended high school, Schieble was very apprehensive. After contemplating for a months time she finalized the adoption papers, on the terms that the child would be encouraged and supported to attend college. Later, when asked about his adoptive parents, Job s without a doubt replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs, were my parents. Jobs youth at Monta Loma Elementary school in Mountain View, was not taken seriously do to the frustration of formal schooling, he frequently played pranks on others including the teacher. It was not until his junior high teacher bribed him and challenged him to complete his work that he excelled in formal schooling. After attending Cupertino Junior High he furthered his education at Homestead High

Sex Pregnancy Assignment - 1209 Words

Participants will be recruited from over 10 adoption agencies throughout the United States where we will ask the agency to provide study information to all adult children of lesbian, gay or heterosexual parents, typically in the form of a flyer inviting them to participate in the study. We will also recruit participants using the method of snowball sampling. Interested Lesbian or gay parents can invite their adult child to participate in the proposed research study. A total of 325 adult children participants will be recruited, similar to the number used in Chang et al. 2003 study (2003). However, they used children and their parents. Participants would be eligible if they are at least 18 years old, and were raised by lesbian, gay, or†¦show more content†¦In both clinical and nonclinical samples, the CTQ scales demonstrated strong internal consistency and test–retest reliability, as well as construct, convergent, and predictive validity. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a self-report that contains a 10-item questionnaire that measures self-esteem (Stapleton, P., Crighton, G. J., Carter, B., Pidgeon, A., 2017). This scale will measure self-esteem which is a persons overall sense of self-worth or personal value. The questionnaire contains five positive Items about having self-value for instance â€Å"I feel that I have a number of good qualities.† The remaining five items express valueless stamens for example, â€Å"I certainly feel useless at times. â€Å"The items on the self-esteem scale are scored on a 4 point Likert scale, the score of 1 being strongly disagree to the score of 4 being strongly agree. Scores are then calculated; higher scores reflect a higher self-esteem and lower scores reflect a lower self-esteem. In Sinclair et al. (2010) study he reported high internal consistency for the RSES in an American community sample (ÃŽ ± = .91), and good convergent and divergent validity. Also in his study , he reported high consistency with Cronbach’s alpha of .89 which demonstrated reliability. Procedure Consent forms will be obtained from the participants electronically with their signature and they will then be contacted by phone orShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Contraception On Sexual Relationships997 Words   |  4 PagesThought Assignment #3: Importance of contraception in sexual relationship. I decided to choose Campo-Engelstien’s paper to write about contraception for this assignment because it fits more to answer the questions. Campo-Engelstien’s paper describes how men is biologically, and socially different between women with everything about sex; with their uncontrollable libido about sex and their desire of it. When one is in a sexual relationship with his/her partner, pregnancy is one of the major concernsRead MoreThe On Birth Control And Pregnancy865 Words   |  4 Pagesachievement but first I have to make it through the next few weeks. This week focused was on birth control and pregnancy, specifically focusing in on planning when a person will become pregnant and what happens once a person becomes pregnant. As usual there were multiple assignments. We had our normal issues from the Taking Sides text, a discussion on the politics of childbirth, an assignment on the different contraceptives, the quiz, a status check on the final paper and this wond erful three page reflectionRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Sections I And II1738 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: Teenage Pregnancy Sections I and II Primary Audience: My primary audience is the citizens of the U.S.; this includes tax payers, parents, state officials, education officials and teen moms. In the U.S. we have several teens that are experiencing unprotected sex, without any knowledge of pregnancy prevention or sex education. When teen girls become pregnant, this also affects the parents. This is a huge responsibility and burden for all involved parties. Health benefits are needed forRead MoreInternet Research Assignment : High Teen Pregnancy Rate908 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Research Assignment The first article came from the Dallas Observer and is titled, â€Å"Here’s How to Fix Texas’ Sky-High Teen Pregnancy Rate† (http://www.dallasobserver.com/news/heres-how-to-fix-texas-sky-high-teen-pregnancy-rate-7626551). The author of the article, Eric Nicholson, is extremely critical of Texas’ sexual education program and voices his criticism with heavy use of sarcasm. This September 28, 2015 article was prompted by Texas’ recent decision to provide low-income teenagersRead MoreWere You Fired Due To Your Pregnancy Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesWere You Fired Due To Your Pregnancy? Federal and state laws protect the rights of pregnant workers and ensure that employers treat them the same as all other workers and that their work affairs remain free of prejudice in all areas of employment. Although highly publicized, pregnancy discrimination cases keep occurring by the thousands each year. At the forefront of pregnancy protection is the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (â€Å"PDA†) which amended Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (â€Å"TitleRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?1553 Words   |  7 Pagesneed so they are aware and are able to protect themselves. The way sex education should be taught is debated among parents, educators, religious groups, and society. Some people believe in abstinence only curriculum while others believe a comprehensive curriculum is more effective. Values, beliefs, and funds can affect how students are being taught. It is important that we pick a curriculum that works best for the students. Sex education can vary in what they teach to the students about sexualityRead MorePro Choice Vs. Abortion1426 Words   |  6 Pageswere stuck down in many of American States. 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The warehouse offered him a permanent position, but the warehouse required that heRead MorePre Pregnancy Test, Trojan Bareskin Condom Clear Blue Easy Digital Pregnant Test976 Words   |  4 PagesFirst respond early pregnancy test, Trojan bareskin Condom clear blue easy digital pregnant test. I choose these three because when I first saw their name on the paper scavenger hunt, I wanted to know how they look. I have seen a lot of contraceptive method but not those three that I choose. (A short summary of the contraceptive)The Church Dwight CO, INC Manufacture the first respond early pregnancy test contraceptive and this product were design to prevent any unplanned pregnancies so couple that isRead MoreA Report On The Classroom930 Words   |  4 PagesI am glad to see the teacher in Starkville Oktibbeha Consolidated School District, who had a student present a sex ed demonstration with a cucumber and a condom, has been allowed to resume teaching. 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The Events That Occurred At The 1972 Olympics - 1614 Words

1972 Munich Summer Olympic Games The events that occurred at the 1972 Olympics were the result of a long conflict between Palestinian Arabs and Israeli Jews dating to the end of the nineteenth century. Although the two groups have different religions (Palestinians include Muslims, Christians and Druze), religious differences are not the cause of the strife. The conflict began as a struggle over land. From the end of World War I until 1948, the area that both groups claimed was known internationally as Palestine. Following the war of 1948–1949, this land was divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the West Bank (of the Jordan River) and the Gaza Strip. It is a small area—approximately 10,000 square miles, or about the size of the state of Maryland. The situation can’t be reconcilable if one group has exclusive political control over all of it. Jewish claims to this land are based on the biblical promise to Abraham and his descendants, on the fact that the land was the historical site of the ancient Jewish kingdoms of Israel and Judea, and on Jews’ need for a haven from European anti-Semitism. Palestinian Arab claims to the land are based on their continuous residence in the country for hundreds of years and the fact that they represented the demographic majority until 1948. They reject the notion that a biblical-era kingdom constitutes the basis for a valid modern claim. Arabs maintain that since Abraham’s son Ishmael is the forefather of the Arabs, then God’sShow MoreRelated1972 Munich Olympics Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesNevertheless, this rapid swarm of new stories and facts begs the question - how reliable are these news outlets that are providing coverage of events around the world? Do news sources invest time and work into their reports, or do they release reports teeming with bias and unproven facts solely for money and satisfactory ratings? The massacre at the 1972 Munich Olympics shocked the world and its citizens, and newspa pers responded by producing a variety of biased reports of coverage from the attack and itsRead MoreOlympic Games And Its Impact On Society1494 Words   |  6 Pagesgreatest sporting events capture the interest of billions of people. No one sporting event is greater than the Summer Olympic games, for it brings together athletes from all across the globe to compete and represent their respected nations. Winning an Olympic gold medal can create a widespread feeling of patriotism and unite a nation. Unfortunately, the events of the 1972 Olympic Games were a catastrophic disaster. Consequently, the following will reveal the 1972 Munich Summer Olympic Games tragedy andRead MoreThe World Shook With Terror1593 Words   |  7 Pageswith terror September 5, 1972, when a group of eight Palestinian terrorists killed two Israeli Olympic team members and took nine hostage, during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. Prior to the hostage crisis, the games had run smoothly and were into their second week of competition. The games were used to present a new identity of democracy and optimism for Germany. This was the first-time Germany had been allowed to host the games since the 1936 Berlin Olympics, which still loomed in internationalRead MoreTerrorists in the 1972 Munich Olympic Games1241 Words   |  5 PagesOn September fifth, 1972, the terrorist group, Black September, took nine Israeli athletes hostage during the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. Black September was a small group of Palestinian militants, almost unknown to the world before the Munich Games. The group belonged to the PLO, or the Palestinian Liberation Organization. The origin of Black September’s anger goes back to the long-lasting conflict between the Palestinians and the Israelis, which dates back thousands of years . Black September hadRead MoreThe Munich Massacre : A Survivor s Story1487 Words   |  6 PagesInternational sporting events continually face political terrorism, bringing fea r to those who gathered for entertainment. According to articles published in the Guardian, Time Magazine, and CNN, the most detrimental disruption by politics in the Olympics occurred at the 1972 Germany Summer Games. On 5 September 1972, the Palestinian group Black September broke into the Israeli athletes’ quarters armed with guns. The 21 hour standoff, more famously known as the Munich massacre, resulted in 17 deathsRead MoreThe 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1972 Summer Olympics were an international multi-sport event. Another name for that Olympic Game was the 1972 Olympics Massacre. It was the 20th Olympic Games. It was held in Munich, Germany from August 26, 1972 to September 11, 1972.The 1972 Olympics were the second Olympics to be held in Germany. The first Olympic Games that were held in Germany occur in 1936 in Berlin, which occurred during the Nazi regime. The Olympic Committee in West Germany was hoping to get rid of the milit ary image ofRead MoreFamous Incidents in US History841 Words   |  3 Pagesexperiences and are able to overcome the hard trials that are placed in front of them and then there are those who unfortunately fall victim to a horrible situation. Over the past couple of decades there have been a number of incidents that have occurred where incidents have taken a turn for the worse. While some people claim that this is occurring because of horrible decision making and others disagreeing and claiming it to be best decision that could be made. Regardless of one’s point of view,Read MoreThe War During The Cold War Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans engaged in throughout the Cold War. While a considerable amount of attention in historical academia has been given to the proxy wars, space race, and arms build-up both states took part in, parallel to said competitions were those at the Olympics. Rider did an excellent job of exploring the role of sports, athletes, and particularl y the media in the propagandist battle both states waged, discussing the numerous individuals, various committees, and notable confrontations between the USSR andRead MoreEssay On Mega-Events982 Words   |  4 PagesAs a result of the high cost and potential to impact the region that is hosting sporting mega-events, the idea of legacy—the developmental paybacks generated by the event—has typically played a central role in planning them. Some scholars have suggested that the infrastructure that is required for these mega-events is believed to be integral to stimulating more economic development, which consequently contributes to business vitality and showcasing the ability of the region or city to compete inRead MoreThe Massacre Of Israeli Delegates At The Summer Munich Olympics910 Words   |  4 PagesThe events of the past have a way of transforming themselves over time. Something that occurred mere minutes ago can evolve over the next few hours, and an event that s eemed so straight-forward many years past finds itself a new meaning within the greater context of the period. The same concept applies to a specific event a mere 45 years ago, namely the massacre of Israeli delegates at the summer Munich Olympics of 1972. This event is now portrayed in standard textbooks as being part of a larger

African Slavery Essay - 1695 Words

Ladies and gentlemen; I dont believe that anyone in this chamber would move to disagree with the idea that slavery was an atrocity, committed from the depths of the darkest parts of the human sole. Africans were seized from their native land, and sold into lives of servitude into a foreign land. Indeed, it was a tragedy on such a scale that cannot be measured nor quantified. And it is this very notion of unquantifiable tragedy which speaks to the matter of reparations for slavery. To be quite blunt, reparations, even if they may be deserved, are not feasible under any system or economic tangent - indeed such an undertaking would only not remedy the situation, but it would sink Africa and her people deeper into the cycle of†¦show more content†¦A cognate situation with African Americans is with that of Afrocentric history (Asante, 174); many suggest that perhaps we ought to provide black student with their own curriculum, such as to instill in them a sense of pride that will improve their education. The U.S. News and World Report comments: quot;The Afrocentric curriculum is usually presented as an attempt to develop pride in black children by giving them a racial history†¦ But what kind of pride and self-esteem is likely to grow from false history? And how much more cynical will black children be if they discover that they have been conned once again, only this time by Afrocentrists? †¦ It is a sure-fire formula for separatism and endless racial animosity (Leo, 26)quot; This author suggests that indeed, conferring upon youths of African descent their own quot;differentquot; history will not only further the racial segregation, but also provide them with a false sense of history, fueling the animosity. If the rest of the world were to suddenly step down and bestow upon Africa special privileges and grants, it would only create a sense among the global village that Africans are different and require some sort of special assistance in order to succeed. This type of compensatory system would not only be insufficient toShow MoreRelatedThe Slavery Of African Slavery1128 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery is one of the most inhumane acts the world has ever known. Africans were kidnapped and forced into slavery by Europeans; they were separated from their families and forced to work on plantations. They were placed in unbearable conditions and the prevalent racism attached onto this system fueled the mistreatment and oppression of black people for years to come. The origins of the widespread African slavery in America as we know today started in early colonial America when people needed cheapRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slavery1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn America, people know that slavery existed for about four- hundred years. The enslavement of Africans was probably the most horrific events in American history. Within these 400 years not only were people taken ag ainst their will and put to work for no pay. This time can even be considered a Holocaust in America. Many slaves were beaten, raped and killed because of it, several lives were sacrificed throughout this disgusting era in American history. Slavery was definitely the roughest time periodRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Contingents874 Words   |  4 Pagesperpetuating slavery before the Civil War.†(William Reed) This argument has been demonstrated: a compensation should be provided to the descendants of enslaved people in America, because their ancestors had performed the tedious labor over past few hundred years ago. However, it is clearly that the idea remains highly controversial. Looking at the historical evidence that have been presented, now we can analysis the historical events that were actually contributed to the slavery of African contingentsRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slaves1283 Words   |  6 PagesThe origin of slavery was not caused because of racism. As ric e cultivation expanded in the South, movement of white indentured servants was declining due to the harsh conditions. Moreover, white landowners began to feel unsure about their dependence on white workers because of the scarcity of labor in the South. The importation of African slaves was a response to a growing demand for labor. Thus, slavery was the desire for white landowners to find a useful, stable workforce. Racism was created toRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slaves1906 Words   |  8 PagesThe inequities presented through the oppression of African slaves from 16th to 19th century Britain due to increased forms of slavery, highlight extremities relative to their mistreatment and the consequent need for betterment through the abolition movement. Increasing tension between racial populations as a result of the promotion of slave trade, increased through their mistreatment, evoked opposing movements from pro-abolitionists. Similarly, significant events and figures contributed greatly toRead MoreThe Complexity Of African Slavery2267 Words   |  10 PagesThe complexity of African slavery has impacted Mexico in ways one may not have imagined. Thousands of Africans were brought to Mexico to become slaves and do manual labor. On average, a slave would cost anywhere between 150 to 400 pesos, and studies show that owning a slave was considered a luxury. Slavery in Mexico had an enormous impact in the social aspect during the colonial period to a large extent. The labor jobs that Africans worked, helped Mexico become the lead in the commercial trade ofRead MoreSlavery : The African American Slavery2189 Words   |  9 PagesAPUSH - Steiker Period 6 Slavery 1775 - 1830 â€Å"Those who will not reason, are bigots, those who cannot, are fools, and those who dare not, are slaves, † said George Gordon Byron. Though slavery has never had a universal definition, one might describe it as the dependent labour by one person performed to another who is not of his or her family. It was thought to have come about after a dramatic labour shortage in particular areas or countries. In America, slavery has always been a highly debatedRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Americans1207 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no denying that the period of time where slavery was legal in America was a dark time that all wish was expunged from the nation’s history. Ever since the end of WWII came around and Japanese and victims of the Holocaust started to receive reparations for the ordeals then endeavored. This launched a proposal that the descendants of the enslaved people in the United States would be given some type of compensation. The form of compensation varies from individual monetary payments to land-basedRead MoreThe Slavery Of African Slave Trade1039 Words   |  5 Pagescaught up in the moment it is hard to see the larger picture. We get excited and momentum starts to speed up, but this excitement and momentum blinds us from the feelings of others. This is exactly what happened with the practiced slavery that took place in Africa. Slavery included stripping humans of their identities and classifying them as property, forcing them to obey their masters. The slaves had no rights and humanity had fled their thinking. Some even claimed slaves to be aliens even thoughRead MoreSlavery And The African Americans1071 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussing slavery with other individuals. Throughout the years I have been a victim of my own ignorance for believing that Slavery undoubtedly ended in 1865. I can honestly admit that I was wrong. After having watched the documentary â€Å"Slavery by Another Name† I gained new insight into the history of slavery and the struggles that African Americans suffered during that time. I learned that slavery did not end after the 13th Amendment was passed. After the Amendment was passed African Americans were

An Analysis of the Australian Economy

Question : Discuss about the an Analysis of the Australian Economy ? Answer : Introduction The Australian economy experienced rapid growth in the 20th Century and had strived to remain stable and prosperous. The country is endowed with an abundance of resources and a well-developed diverse primary-sector-oriented economy. Its GDP per capita ranks at 17 out of 191 nations of the world. The standards of living in the country are high can only be likened to that in developed countries like Europe and the US. It is noteworthy that the Australian economy depends heavily on trade. Its economy is an open market with minimal restrictions on imports of services and goods. The process of opening up trade has increased the nations productivity and stimulated growth, making it flexible and dynamic. Production Output Performance Analysis Over the years, the Australian economy has been experiencing continuous growth with minimal cases of unemployment, contained inflation and very low public debt. In addition, it had a vibrant and stable financial system. Real Gross Domestic Product Currently, Australias GDP is approximately 1.22 trillion US dollars. It has declined slightly compared to the preceding financial year. The nation faced a slight drop in growth after two decades of continuous growth and stability. Consequently, the real GDP declined. Even so, the country still boasts excellent performance and is ranked 14th worldwide in per capita GDP. In 2011, the GDP was approximated at 1.5 trillion US dollars. In the following year, the value of GDP rose to 1, 559 billion US dollars and declined slightly in 2013 to 1506 billion US dollars. In 2014, the gross domestic product declined sharply by 62 billion US dollars (Australia GDP, 2016). Since 1960 until 2015, the average GDP of the country is 386.58 USD billion. The highest value in this period was 1563.90 USD billion in 2013 while the lowest GDP value is 18.60 USD billion in 1960 (Australia GDP, 2016). Source: Trading Economics (2016). According to the chart above, in 2006, the GDP of Australia continually increased up to 2008, after which it experienced a slight decline. Afterward, from 2009, the GDP rose slightly and continuously up to 2012. It is after 2012 that the nations performance started to diminish. Since then, the GDP has constantly been decreasing (Jericho 2016). Real GDP Growth Rate In the third quarter of 2016, the GDP in Australia expanded by 1.08 percent. By and large, this is the lowest level of growth achieved since the 2009 financial year (Australia GDP, 2016). On average, the highest level of growth is 3.49 percent since 1960. The highest annual growth rate was recorded in 1967 at 9 percent. On the other hand, the lowest GDP growth was attained in 1983 at negative 3.40 percent (GDP Growth, 2016). In 2016, the economy experienced an unanticipated contraction of 0.5 percent in the third quarter despite an upward 0.6 percent growth in the June quarter. This contraction is the first since the March quarter 2011. It is also the fastest fall since the December quarter 2008 (Australia GDP, 2016). Source: (World Bank, 2016) There was real growth between 2006 and 2007. However, in 2007, the real growth rate declined sharply between 2007 and 2009. The economy later recovered in 2010 but decreased in the following year. In 2012, the real growth increased significantly but dropped later in 2013. In 2014, the trend continued increasing by a small percentage. It then fell in 2015 and 2016. Real GDP Per Capita In 2015, the Gross Domestic per Capita in Australia was estimated at 54717.71 US dollars. On average, the GDP per capita of Australia is equivalent to 433 percent of the worlds average. The average value for the country between 1960 and 2015 is estimated at 35504.35 USD (Australia 2016). It is noteworthy that the highest level of per capita was attained in 2015 valued at 54717.71 USD. On the other hand, the lowest value was achieved in 1962 with a recorded level of 19172.27 (GDP Per Capita, 2016). In the period between 2006 and 2016, the highest real GDP per capita was attained in 2015, while the lowest was marked in 2006 (Australia 2016). Source: (World Bank, 2016). Government Measures Deregulation is one of the criteria used by the Australian government to increase the GDP of the country. As such, the government relaxes the rules and regulations governing the entry and exit, operation and terms of trade allow businesses and firms to operate in the economy thereby contributing to growth through the creation of employment opportunities, and tax revenue. Also, it uses tax reduction and tax abates to encourage economic activity in the country. Eventually, this leads to economic growth and increase in the GDP. Labour Market Analysis Australia has strived to manage the employment rates in the country at low levels compared to other nations of the world. Even so, unemployment is a persistent problem in the countrys economy. Changes in production patterns led to a significant loss of jobs and low job opportunities in the country (Jericho, 2015). Consequently, the levels of unemployment increased. In Australia, an individual is considered to be unemployed if they are actively looking for work but are unable to find any. Therefore, individuals who are not actively looking for job opportunities are not included in during the computation of unemployment data. Some of the major concern areas related to this issue are the increasing youth unemployment and lack of employment opportunities for older workers. As such, the youth, immigrants and the single have a higher risk of unemployment. As at October this year, the countrys seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was approximated at 5.6 percent (Labor Force, 2016). The joblessness rate has stagnated since September 2013. Mainly, this is attributed to the fact that the labor force participation rate remained constant while the number of jobless people decreased by 2,000. From 1978 to 2016, the average level of the unemployment rate is 6.93 percent. The highest level of joblessness was 11.10 percent in October 1992, while the lowest is 4 percent in 2008 (Labor Force, 2016). Types of Unemployment Structural Unemployment. Typically, it occurs due to structural problems in the economy. In Australia, it occurs when the skills of the workers do not match the skills that the employers want for a particular job. It may also be a result of insufficient demand for workers in the labor markets. Usually, the changes in technology or tastes and preferences of the consumers may lead to the decline in the demand for workers in the labor market. Therefore, many workers lose their jobs. Currently, structural unemployment is the most prevalent type of unemployment in Australia. Frictional Unemployment. This occurs due to the normal turnover in the labor market. As such, it is the period when an employee transforms from one job to another. It arises when a worker is changing careers, locations or jobs. It takes to match up potential employees with their desired jobs. Therefore, in the period between the change of a job, location or career, the workers may remain unemployed before securing themselves another suitable job. This form of unemployment is also common in Australia and other nations. Cyclical Unemployment. It occurs when the economy experiences ups and economic downturns. When the economy enters a recession, many individuals lose their jobs as industries try to cut down their costs. Therefore, a sharp decline in the GDP or recession may lead to cyclical unemployment. Often, the recession is characterized by fall in demand for goods and services, resulting in diminished production and a decline in the demand for workers in the market. Long-term Unemployment. It occurs when an individual remains unemployed for more than 52 weeks. In Australia, the long-term unemployed individuals ate less well-educated than the rest of the population. In addition, indigenous mature aged people and persons with a disability are also among the population that suffers from long-term unemployment. Government Measures to Reduce Unemployment In 2009, the Australian government initiated the Job Services Australia (JSA) program to provide greater incentives for job linked vocational training and longer time employment. It also uses policy reforms to render the labor market more flexible. The government created a monetary policy and deflationary policy to control employment level and enhance its economic growth. A low minimum wage policy is also used to improve the levels of employment in the country. Specifically, low wages imply that the producers can hire many workers at minimal costs. Price Level Analysis Inflation is the sustained increase in the general level of prices in the economy. It may affect an economy in a positive or negative manner. Often, the negative effects of inflation relate to the fact that they lead to an increase in the opportunity cost of holding money (Au, 2007). As such, there is uncertainty over the future inflation, thereby discouraging savings and investments. The positive effects pertain to the fact that that reduces the real burden of public and private debt (Amadeo, 2016). Types of inflation Creeping inflation. It is a mild type of inflation and occurs when the price level in an economy rises by less than 3 percent per year. According to the U.S Federal Reserve, this kind of inflation is beneficial to the economy as it can lead to economic growth. Mainly, this is because the mild rise in prices creates the expectation that prices will continue to grow, thereby creating increased demand for goods and services. Australia experienced this type of inflation this year when the price levels grew by 1.3 percent. Walking inflation. Occurs when the price levels increase by 3-10 percent a year. It has a negative impact on the economy as it may heat up economic growth too fast. Specifically, people start to purchase more goods to avoid high prices in future. In turn, this drives demand up, and suppliers are unable to meet strong demand. As a result, common goods and services are highly priced making them unaffordable to people. Galloping inflation. Occurs when the level of inflation rises above 10 percent. It creates damage to the economy. At this point, money loses value and business cannot keep up with the costs and prices. Unemployment levels begin to increase. Foreign investors avoid the country. Also, the economy becomes unstable, and government leaders lose credibility. Hyperinflation. This is when the inflation rate is 50 percent and above. It is a rare type of inflation and occurs when the government prints excessively large amounts of money and pumps into the economy. Inflation Trend in Australia This year, Consumer prices in Australia rose by 1.3 percent throughout the year up to the third quarter (Australia Inflation, 2006). The greatest upward pressure emanated from the increase in food and non-alcoholic beverage prices since the floods affected the supply of vegetables. The cost of clothing, furnishing, housing and household equipment also increased significantly. In the same way, the cost of financial services and insurance services also rose sharply. In contrast, the prices for transport and communication continued to decline. In the first quarter of 2016, consumer prices have increased by 0.7 percent. The highest inflation rate since 1950 was 23.90 percent, experienced in the fourth quarter of 1951. The lowest level was experienced in the second quarter of 1962 at negative 1.30 percent (Australia Inflation, 2006). Causes of inflation in Australia The main causes of inflation in Australia are either demand pull or cost push. Demand-pull inflation often occurs when the demand for goods and services increases beyond the supply available in the economy. As a result, suppliers raise their prices, thereby creating inflation. Inflation could also occur due to cost push factors. This occurs when producers pass the costs of production to the consumers. Government Measures to Achieve Stable Prices The government uses monetary policies to set higher interest rates. This increases the cost of borrowing and discourages the level of spending in Australia. In turn, this leads to lower economic growth and reduces inflation. Also, the Australian government employs strict fiscal policies through higher taxes and lower government spending. Eventually, this reduces aggregate demand leading to lower demand pull inflation. Sometimes, supply side policies are also initiated with to reduce the costs of business and in turn lower inflation. Conclusion By and large, the Australian economy is one of the best-performing economies in the world. It is characterized by a steady increase in its real GDP and percentage growth. It enjoys relatively stable price levels. However, despite the good economic performance, the country is faced with unending unemployment issues. In addition, the nation has been experiencing declines in per capita growth. As a result, the government has instigated measures to ensure that the countrys economic performance continues to grow at a steady rate. It combines aspects of monetary policy, fiscal policy and structural reforms to enhance Australias economic growth. References Amadeo, K. (2016). Types of Inflation: The 4 Most Critical Plus 9 More. The Balance. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.thebalance.com/types-of-inflation-4-different-types-plus-more-3306109 Au, T. (2006). What is Inflation: Five Types of Inflation Defined. Daily Reckoning. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.dailyreckoning.com.au/what-is-inflation/2007/06/15/ Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2016). Labor Force, Australia October 2016, Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/mf/6202.0 Economy Watch, (2016). Australian Unemployment. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.economywatch.com/unemployment/countries/australia.html Global Finance, (2016). Australia GDP and Economic Data. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/country-data/australia-gdp-country-report Jericho, G. Australia's dreadful GDP figures six things you need to know. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/grogonomics/2014/dec/04/australias-dreadful-gdp-figures-six-things-you-need-to-know Jericho, G. Despite the good news on Australia's unemployment rate, the fight for jobs is as tough as ever. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/grogonomics/2015/jan/19/despite-good-news-on-the-unemployment-rate-the-fight-for-jobs-is-as-tough-as-ever Parliament of Australia, (2016). Gross domestic product. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/MSB/feature/FeatureGDP Reserve Bank of Australia, (2016). Australian GDP Growth and Inflation. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.rba.gov.au/chart-pack/au-gdp-growth.html The Statistics Portal, (2016). Australia: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars). Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/263573/gross-domestic-product-gdp-of-australia/ The World Bank, (2016). Australia. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://data.worldbank.org/country/australia The World Bank, (2016). GDP per capita (current US$). Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?page=5 Trading Economics, (2016). Australia Youth Unemployment Rate. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/youth-unemployment-rate Trading Economics, (2016). Australian GDP Growth rate. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-growth Trading Economics, (2016). Australian Inflation rate. Retrieved 10 December 2016, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/inflation-cpi

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